웹 개발과 관련된 모든 것들

Multifile storage with Zip

The library that supports the Zip format is much more extensive. With it you can easily store multiple files, and there’s even a separate class to make the process of reading a Zip file easy. The library uses the standard Zip format so that it works seamlessly with all the tools currently downloadable on the Internet. The following example has the same form as the previous example, but it handles as many command-line arguments as you want. In addition, it shows the use of the Checksum classes to calculate and verify the checksum for the file. There are two Checksum types: Adler32 (which is faster) and CRC32 (which is slower but slightly more accurate).

//: c12:ZipCompress.java
// Uses Zip compression to compress any
// number of files given on the command line.
// {Args: ZipCompress.java}
// {Clean: test.zip}
import com.bruceeckel.simpletest.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.zip.*;

public class ZipCompress {
  private static Test monitor = new Test();
  // Throw exceptions to console:
  public static void main(String[] args)
  throws IOException {
    FileOutputStream f = new FileOutputStream("test.zip");
    CheckedOutputStream csum =
      new CheckedOutputStream(f, new Adler32());
     ZipOutputStream zos = new ZipOutputStream(csum);
     BufferedOutputStream out =
      new BufferedOutputStream(zos);
    zos.setComment("A test of Java Zipping");
    // No corresponding getComment(), though.
    for(int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
      System.out.println("Writing file " + args[i]);
      BufferedReader in =
        new BufferedReader(new FileReader(args[i]));
      zos.putNextEntry(new ZipEntry(args[i]));
      int c;
      while((c = in.read()) != -1)
        out.write(c);
      in.close();
    }
    out.close();
    // Checksum valid only after the file has been closed!
    System.out.println("Checksum: " +
      csum.getChecksum().getValue());
    // Now extract the files:
    System.out.println("Reading file");
    FileInputStream fi = new FileInputStream("test.zip");
    CheckedInputStream csumi =
      new CheckedInputStream(fi, new Adler32());
    ZipInputStream in2 = new ZipInputStream(csumi);
    BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(in2);
    ZipEntry ze;
    while((ze = in2.getNextEntry()) != null) {
      System.out.println("Reading file " + ze);
      int x;
      while((x = bis.read()) != -1)
        System.out.write(x);
    }
    if(args.length == 1)
      monitor.expect(new String[] {
        "Writing file " + args[0],
        "%% Checksum: \\d+",
        "Reading file",
        "Reading file " + args[0]}, args[0]);
    System.out.println("Checksum: " +
      csumi.getChecksum().getValue());
    bis.close();
    // Alternative way to open and read zip files:
    ZipFile zf = new ZipFile("test.zip");
    Enumeration e = zf.entries();
    while(e.hasMoreElements()) {
      ZipEntry ze2 = (ZipEntry)e.nextElement();
      System.out.println("File: " + ze2);
      // ... and extract the data as before
    }
    if(args.length == 1)
      monitor.expect(new String[] {
        "%% Checksum: \\d+",
        "File: " + args[0]
      });
  }
} ///:~

For each file to add to the archive, you must call putNextEntry( ) and pass it a ZipEntry object. The ZipEntry object contains an extensive interface that allows you to get and set all the data available on that particular entry in your Zip file: name, compressed and uncompressed sizes, date, CRC checksum, extra field data, comment, compression method, and whether it’s a directory entry. However, even though the Zip format has a way to set a password, this is not supported in Java’s Zip library. And although CheckedInputStream and CheckedOutputStream support both Adler32 and CRC32 checksums, the ZipEntry class supports only an interface for CRC. This is a restriction of the underlying Zip format, but it might limit you from using the faster Adler32.

To extract files, ZipInputStream has a getNextEntry( ) method that returns the next ZipEntry if there is one. As a more succinct alternative, you can read the file using a ZipFile object, which has a method entries( ) to return an Enumeration to the ZipEntries.

In order to read the checksum, you must somehow have access to the associated Checksum object. Here, a reference to the CheckedOutputStream and CheckedInputStream objects is retained, but you could also just hold onto a reference to the Checksum object.

A baffling method in Zip streams is setComment( ). As shown in ZipCompress.java, you can set a comment when you’re writing a file, but there’s no way to recover the comment in the ZipInputStream. Comments appear to be supported fully on an entry-by-entry basis only via ZipEntry.

Of course, you are not limited to files when using the GZIP or Zip libraries—you can compress anything, including data to be sent through a network connection.

출처 : http://www.linuxtopia.org/online_books/programming_books/thinking_in_java/TIJ314_033.htm

Simple compression with GZIP

The GZIP interface is simple and thus is probably more appropriate when you have a single stream of data that you want to compress (rather than a container of dissimilar pieces of data). Here’s an example that compresses a single file:

//: c12:GZIPcompress.java
// {Args: GZIPcompress.java}
// {Clean: test.gz}
import com.bruceeckel.simpletest.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.zip.*;

public class GZIPcompress {
  private static Test monitor = new Test();
  // Throw exceptions to console:
  public static void main(String[] args)
  throws IOException {
    if(args.length == 0) {
      System.out.println(
        "Usage: \nGZIPcompress file\n" +
        "\tUses GZIP compression to compress " +
        "the file to test.gz");
      System.exit(1);
    }
    BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
      new FileReader(args[0]));
    BufferedOutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(
      new GZIPOutputStream(
        new FileOutputStream("test.gz")));
    System.out.println("Writing file");
    int c;
    while((c = in.read()) != -1)
      out.write(c);
    in.close();
    out.close();
    System.out.println("Reading file");
    BufferedReader in2 = new BufferedReader(
      new InputStreamReader(new GZIPInputStream(
        new FileInputStream("test.gz"))));
    String s;
    while((s = in2.readLine()) != null)
      System.out.println(s);
    monitor.expect(new String[] {
      "Writing file",
      "Reading file"
    }, args[0]);
  }
} ///:~

The use of the compression classes is straightforward; you simply wrap your output stream in a GZIPOutputStream or ZipOutputStream, and your input stream in a GZIPInputStream or ZipInputStream. All else is ordinary I/O reading and writing. This is an example of mixing the char-oriented streams with the byte-oriented streams; in uses the Reader classes, whereas GZIPOutputStream’s constructor can accept only an OutputStream object, not a Writer object. When the file is opened, the GZIPInputStream is converted to a Reader.

출처 : http://www.linuxtopia.org/

Compression

The Java I/O library contains classes to support reading and writing streams in a compressed format. These are wrapped around existing I/O classes to provide compression functionality.

These classes are not derived from the Reader and Writer classes, but instead are part of the InputStream and OutputStream hierarchies. This is because the compression library works with bytes, not characters. However, you might sometimes be forced to mix the two types of streams. (Remember that you can use InputStreamReader and OutputStreamWriter to provide easy conversion between one type and another.)